Rule 769 In examining a witness concerning a statement or other conduct by him that is inconsistent with any part of his testimony at the hearing, it is not ne…

When a lawyer questions a witness about something the witness said or did that contradicts what they just testified to in court, the lawyer does not have to give the witness details about that earlier statement or action ahead of time.

For example, a lawyer can simply ask "Didn't you say something different before?" without first telling the witness exactly what was said, when it was said, or where it was said. The witness has to answer the question without getting a heads-up about what the lawyer knows.

This rule lets lawyers test a witness's honesty and memory without giving the witness a chance to prepare an excuse or explanation before answering.