Rule 901 “Proceeding” means any action, hearing, investigation, inquest, or inquiry (whether conducted by a court, administrative agency, hearing officer, arbi…

The word "proceeding" has a broad legal meaning. It covers many types of official settings, not just courtrooms.

Any formal process where someone can be legally required to give testimony counts as a proceeding. This includes hearings, investigations, and inquiries run by courts, government agencies, lawmakers, arbitrators, or other officials who have the legal authority to demand testimony.