§ 6-301 Juvenile Standard Probation Evidence-Based Practices

A. Definitions. In this section, the following definitions apply: “Administrative director” means both the administrative director of the Administrative Office of the Courts and the director’s designee. “Administrative status” means a juvenile is not currently receiving active supervision or contact requirements have been suspended by the juvenile probation department. “Alcohol and drug testing” means any validated or verified method of determining the level of identifiable substances in the body including, but not limited to, breath, blood, oral fluid, urine, hair and sweat testing. “Average caseload” means the total active cases divided by total number of supervising probation officers. “AZYAS” means the Arizona Youth Assessment System. “AZYAS certified staff” means a juvenile probation staff member who has been certified to administer the AZYAS disposition tool after successful completion of AZYAS End User Certification training and ongoing refresher trainings. “AZYAS disposition tool” means the actuarial tool designed to be used for a juvenile post- adjudication (pre-disposition) to assess risk, need, and responsivity. “Case record” means any record pertaining to a particular probationer or juvenile maintained by the probation department in electronic or paper medium. “Child”, “youth” or “juvenile” means “an individual who is under the age of eighteen years,” as provided in A.R.S. § 8-201(6). “Collateral” means any individual or agency that has a relationship to a particular juvenile that serves as a source of information specific to the juvenile’s conditions of probation, case plan, or point of contact. Contacts may include but are not limited to family members, school personnel, employer, community restitution agency, law enforcement, community members, and treatment providers. “Community restitution” means unpaid labor or services provided to a private not-for-profit or governmental agency. “Court” means the superior court. “Courtesy probation supervision” is defined in Rule 225(c) to be the transfer of the juvenile's supervision to another county. “Criminogenic need” means any issues of concern which are directly linked to criminal or delinquent behavior that when addressed and changed affect a probationer’s or juvenile’s risk for recidivism, which include, but are not limited to criminal personality, antisocial attitudes, values, beliefs, low self-control, criminal peers, substance abuse, dysfunctional family, unemployment, and lack of education. “Delinquent act” means “an act by a juvenile that if committed by an adult would be a criminal offense or a petty offense, a violation of any law of this state, or of another state if the act occurred in that state, or a law of the United States, or a violation of any law that can only be violated by a minor and that has been designated as a delinquent offense, or any ordinance of a city, county or political subdivision of this state defining crime. Delinquent act does not include an offense under section 13-501, subsection A or B if the offense is filed in adult court. Any juvenile who is prosecuted as an adult or who is remanded for prosecution as an adult shall not be adjudicated as a delinquent juvenile for the same offense” as provided in A.R.S.§ 8-201(12). “Delinquent juvenile” means “a child who is adjudicated to have committed a delinquent act,” as provided in A.R.S. § 8-201(13). “Director” means the director of the juvenile court or chief probation officer in combined departments. “Evidence-based practice” means strategies that have been shown, through current, scientific research to lead to a reduction in recidivism. “Guardian” means “a person who has qualified as a guardian of a minor or incapacitated person pursuant to testamentary or court appointment but excludes a person who is merely a guardian ad litem,” as provided in A.R.S. § 14-1201(29). “Hand count” means manual tabulation of all probation case files, conducted independently from any automated system. “Juvenile case plan” means the documented individualized behavior change plan and supervision strategy developed in collaboration with the juvenile and family based on the AZYAS disposition tool. “Out-of-home care” means the juvenile resides at an Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) licensed facility under 24-hour structured supervision. This category of care does not include Department of Child Safety (DCS) licensed foster homes, group foster homes, group homes, temporary shelter services, or kinship care. “Out-of-state placement” means a licensed residential or in-patient treatment program in a state other than Arizona. “Parent” means the juvenile’s biological, adoptive, or legal mother or father whose rights have not been terminated. “Parental contact” means contact with the parent or guardian to discuss the juvenile’s progress and behavior in the home, community, detention, or with the out-of-home care provider, case plan progress, or other appropriate matters. This excludes emancipated youth, pursuant to Arizona Rule of Procedure for the Juvenile Court Part V. Emancipation, and extended jurisdiction persons over the age of 18, pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-202(H). “Recommendation Matrix” means the approved tool utilized by a probation officer or surveillance officer who meet the required training as established by the AOC to provide a proposed disposition to the court. “Short-term standard probation” means a period of formal supervision granted by the juvenile court which emphasizes individualized interventions and services for an adjudicated juvenile pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-341 and upon review of the court, the juvenile may be released after six months or sooner if specified conditions and case plan progress have been completed. “Specialized caseload” means a group of juveniles with similar presenting problems or needs who are supervised by a probation officer focusing on addressing the problem or need. “Standard probation” means a period of formal supervision granted by the juvenile court which emphasizes individualized interventions and services for an adjudicated juvenile contingent on compliance with specified conditions and case plan progress. “Visual contact” means face-to-face communication or visual contacts conducted via AOC approved technology with the juvenile at any place to discuss progress, issues of concern, or other appropriate matters.

B. Applicability. Az. Const. Art. 6, § 3 and A.R.S. § 12-261 authorize the supreme court to administer state funding to aid probation services. The Administrative Office of the Courts (AOC) shall administer state aid funding for juvenile standard probation on behalf of the supreme court.

C. Purpose.

1. The purpose of standard probation is to improve public safety and ensure appropriate levels of accountability through enforcement of court orders. This is accomplished by providing timely and reliable information to the court, providing appropriate and effective levels of community supervision, duration of probation, and providing long term behavior change through positive youth development, growth and learning opportunities.

2. A.R.S. § 8-341(B) provides the duration of standard probation.

B. If a juvenile is placed on probation pursuant to this section, the period of probation may continue until the juvenile's eighteenth birthday or until the juvenile's nineteenth birthday if jurisdiction is retained pursuant to § 8- 202(H), except that the term of probation shall not exceed one year if all of the following apply:

1. The juvenile is not charged with a subsequent offense.

2. The juvenile has not been found in violation of a condition of probation.

3. The court has not made a determination that it is in the best interests of the juvenile or the public to require continued supervision. The court shall state by minute entry or written order its reasons for finding that continued supervision is required.

4. The offense for which the juvenile is placed on probation does not involve a dangerous offense as defined in section 13-105.

5. The offense for which the juvenile is placed on probation does not involve a violation of title 13, chapter 14 or 35.1.

6. Restitution ordered pursuant to section 8-344 has been made.

3. Short-term Standard Probation is available to implement an evidence-based approach as part of the Recommendation Matrix.

D. General Administration.

1. The AOC shall:

a. Administer and direct juvenile standard probation state appropriations on behalf of the supreme court;

b. Monitor state appropriations for juvenile standard probation;

c. Prepare written material establishing various techniques, practices, guidelines, and other recommendations regarding the operation and management of juvenile standard probation and distribute this material to appropriate superior and juvenile court judges and probation personnel;

d. Inspect, audit, or have audited the records of any court operating a juvenile standard probation;

e. Prescribe and adopt procedures, forms, and reports necessary for financial administration, program administration and operation, and management of juvenile standard probation;

f. Conduct seminars and educational sessions regarding the purpose and management of juvenile standard probation;

g. Establish performance measures and expectations in consultation with juvenile courts, for determining compliance with each courts’ juvenile standard probation plan and budget request;

h. Assist juvenile courts in developing their juvenile standard probation plans and budgets;

i. Provide general assistance to juvenile courts on the administration and management of juvenile standard probation; and

j. Adopt other administrative practices and procedures, consistent with this section, as necessary for the administration of juvenile standard probation.

2. Each juvenile court and juvenile probation department receiving state juvenile standard probation funds shall comply with this section, to promote uniform administration.

E. Budget Request Preparation.

1. A.R.S. § 12-262 provides: “The presiding judge of the superior court in each county desiring to improve, maintain or expand juvenile probation services … may prepare a plan in accordance with guidelines issued by the supreme court.”

2. The presiding judge of the juvenile court in any county requesting state funding to operate juvenile standard probation shall submit a proposed plan and budget request for the subsequent fiscal year to the AOC. The administrative director shall establish the date for submission, as well as the forms to be used, and the corresponding instructions.

3. The administrative director shall review each request and may modify the request based on appropriate statewide considerations. The AOC shall include the court’s request or the modified request in the annual supreme court budget. The administrative director shall allocate to the juvenile court the monies appropriated by the legislature for standard probation based on the proposed plan, availability of funds, caseload population, past year use, county support and program effectiveness.

4. The chief justice shall make the final determination if a court does not agree with the allocations and requests further review.

5. Each juvenile court shall support the budget request with written justification and explanation as required by the administrative director.

6. A.R.S. § 12-269(A) provides: The administrative office of the courts shall not disburse any direct state aid for probation services monies, including motor pool costs, that are appropriated for juvenile intensive probation services pursuant to section 8-353, state aid for probation services pursuant to section 12-262, adult intensive probation pursuant to title 13, chapter 9 and community punishment programs pursuant to article 11 of this chapter to a county with a population of two million or more persons.

F. Program Plan and Financial Management.

1. A.R.S. § 8-203(B) provides: “A juvenile probation officer performing field supervision shall not supervise more than an average of thirty-five juveniles on probation at one time.” Each juvenile court shall submit an expenditure plan to the administrative director. The juvenile court shall outline in the expenditure plan how the requested state funds shall be used in achieving or maintaining the average case supervision requirements. The juvenile court shall submit the plan within the prescribed time frame and on forms required by the administrative director.

2. Each presiding judge of the juvenile court shall submit, in writing, all requests to modify expenditure plans on a form approved by the administrative director.

3. Each program plan shall explicitly document:

a. That a minimum of 80 percent of the state juvenile standard probation funds allocated to a juvenile court shall be used only for the payment of salaries and employee related benefits of probation officers involved in the case management, field supervision and enforcement of court orders of juveniles on standard probation who reside in the county; and

b. That not more than twenty percent of the allocated state juvenile standard probation funds for probation services are being used to otherwise maintain, improve or enhance standard probation services.

4. On request, the administrative director may approve a plan permitting an expenditure of funds of more than twenty percent on support, operating and ancillary services. The requesting juvenile court shall file the request with the AOC on a form prescribed by the administrative director.

5. In the event that the administrative director disapproves a plan or plan modification submitted by a juvenile court, the presiding judge of the juvenile court may request that the administrative director submit the plan to the chief justice for consideration and final determination. A.R.S. § 12-263 provides: “Upon approval of a plan submitted, the supreme court shall enter into a funding agreement with the county and shall make payments to the county as necessary to carry out the agreement.”

a. The administrative director shall enter into a written funding agreement with the submitting juvenile court for the distribution of funds upon approval of the plan as submitted or modified and the availability of funds.

b. The administrative director may amend or terminate funding agreements due to lack of funds, lack of financial need or the juvenile court’s failure to comply with applicable statutes, the approved plan, funding agreement, or this section.

6. The administrative director may reallocate funds during the year based on documented need, current use of funds and approved plan or budget modifications.

7. A.R.S. § 12-262(A)(2) provides: “That the funds provided by the state for this purpose will be used to supplement county funds provided for probation services.” A.R.S. § 12- 265(C) provides: “No state funds may be used to increase any salaries funded under current county probation programs.”

a. A.R.S. § 12-268(D) provides: “State monies expended from the juvenile probation services fund shall be used to supplement, not supplant, county appropriations for the superior court juvenile probation department.”

b. In accordance with the general appropriations act, probation department receipt of state probation monies is contingent on the county maintenance of expenditure levels for each probation program the previous fiscal year.

8. A.R.S. § 12-268(A) provides:

A. The board of supervisors shall designate a chief fiscal officer who shall establish and administer a juvenile probation fund consisting of:

1. County general fund appropriations for juvenile probation.

2. Court information cost monies received pursuant to section 8-134, subsection L.

3. State appropriations for juvenile probation, except monies in the juvenile probation services fund established by section 8-322 and except monies in the court appointed special advocate fund established by section 8-524, but including:

(a) Monies for juvenile probation officers authorized by section 8- 203.

(b) Monies for state aid for juvenile probation services authorized by this article.

(c) Monies for family counseling services established by title 8, chapter 2, article 5.

(d) Monies for juvenile intensive probation services established by title 8, chapter 3, article 4.

4. Federal monies provided for juvenile probation services.

5. Juvenile probation monies from any other source.

9. A.R.S. § 12-268(B) provides: The chief fiscal officer shall establish and maintain separate accounts in the fund showing receipts and expenditures of monies from each source listed in subsection A of this section. The presiding juvenile judge of the superior court shall annually present to the board of supervisors for approval a detailed expenditure plan for the juvenile probation services fund accounts. Any modifications to the expenditure plan affecting state appropriations shall be made in accordance with the rules and procedures established by the supreme court. Any modifications to the expenditure plan affecting county appropriated funds shall be made in accordance with the policies established by the county. The chief fiscal officer shall disburse monies from the fund accounts only at the direction of the presiding juvenile judge of the superior court. The chief fiscal officer, on or before August 31 of each year for the preceding fiscal year, shall submit an annual report to the supreme court showing the total amount of receipts and expenditures in each account of the juvenile probation services fund.

10. Each juvenile court shall use allocated state funds and interest only for the support and operation of juvenile standard probation.

11. On agreement with a juvenile court, the administrative director may withhold funds allocated to the juvenile court and may authorize direct expenditures for the benefit of the court. The administrative director may also reallocate these funds during the fiscal year.

12. The presiding judge of each juvenile court shall submit to the AOC, by January 31 of each year, a mid-year financial and program activity report related to the court’s plan through December 31. Failure to submit the report in a timely manner may result in financial sanctions.

13. The presiding judge of each juvenile court shall submit to the AOC, by August 31 of each year, a closing financial and program activity report related to the court’s plan through June 30. Failure to submit the report in a timely manner may result in financial sanctions.

14. The presiding judge of each juvenile court shall return to the AOC by August 31 of each year, all juvenile standard probation funds distributed to the juvenile court which are unencumbered through June 30 and unexpended through July 31. Failure to revert unexpended funds in a timely manner may result in financial sanctions.

15. The administrative director shall determine how the funds are used in the event that a juvenile court experiences a decreased need for funds or declines to participate after the legislature has appropriated funds for juvenile standard probation services.

16. Each juvenile court shall maintain and provide data and statistics to the AOC, as may be required by the supreme court to administer funding for juvenile standard probation.

17. On request of the AOC, the director shall conduct a hand count of the department’s standard probation population. The director shall submit the results of the hand count to the AOC.

18. Each juvenile court shall retain all financial records, applicable program records, and data related to each approved plan for a period of at least five years from the close of each fiscal year.

19. The administrative director shall allocate state funded juvenile standard probation personnel placements approved for standard probation among juvenile courts. The administrative director may prepare and implement procedures for adjusting allocated placements and associated monies among juvenile courts.

G. Standard Probation Caseload. A.R.S. § 8-203(B) provides: “A juvenile probation officer performing field supervision shall not supervise more than an average of thirty-five juveniles on probation at one time.” Only those juveniles on the probation officer’s active caseload are included in determining the average caseload of thirty-five juveniles.

1. A juvenile standard probation officer’s active caseload shall include juveniles receiving standard probation services and:

a. Juveniles residing in county including those who are in foster care, kinship care or temporary shelter services;

b. Juveniles residing out of county and the department retains jurisdiction;

c. Juveniles in out-of-home care or out-of-state placement;

d. Juveniles in detention;

e. Juveniles pending adult court action prior to a conviction, unless otherwise court ordered, including those held in adult jail;

f. Juveniles on warrant status for less than 90 days; and

g. Juveniles on courtesy probation supervision, pursuant to Arizona Rules of Procedure for the Juvenile Court, Rule 225(c), for the receiving county providing the supervision.

2. A juvenile standard probation officer’s active caseload shall not include:

a. Juveniles on administrative status for one of the following reasons:

(1) Juveniles traveling for more than 30 days out of state or country with the approval of the juvenile probation department; or

(2) Juveniles residing for more than 30 days out of state or country, but the department has retained jurisdiction of the juvenile.

b. Juveniles on warrant status for 90 days or more;

c. Juveniles not yet dispositioned to standard probation, nor protective supervision by the court; and

d. Juveniles on courtesy probation supervision, pursuant to Arizona Rules of Procedure for the Juvenile Court, Rule 225(c), for the sending county which retains jurisdiction.

H. Program Operations.

1. Each juvenile probation department shall develop policies and procedures:

a. That aim to reduce juvenile risk and the likelihood of future delinquent acts that are consistent with the principles of evidence-based practices;

b. Regarding alcohol and drug testing for juveniles on standard probation and deemed at risk of alcohol and drug usage. The procedures shall address the methods used to select juveniles for testing, the frequency of testing, and the type of test to be administered;

c. That require accurate and timely records of completed community restitution hours to be maintained for each juvenile on standard probation. Credit toward court ordered community restitution requirements are awarded on actual hours completed unless authorized by the court;

d. For working with the office of the clerk of the superior court to ensure that probation officers are provided with accurate and timely information concerning financial obligations;

e. To ensure the collection of financial obligations owed as a condition of probation. Each probation department and probation officer shall address any arrearage per departmental policy. Each probation department and probation officer shall also encourage payment of other assessments or fines as ordered by any court;

f. Which require AZYAS certified staff to administer the AZYAS disposition tool for each adjudicated juvenile, prior to disposition or within 30 days of placement on standard probation, if not completed during the pre-dispositional process;

g. Which require probation officers to utilize the Recommendation Matrix;

h. Which require a probation officer to develop a juvenile case plan within 45 days of disposition. The case plan is developed in collaboration with the juvenile, family, and other agencies, based on the AZYAS disposition tool results, and any other relevant information. The collaboration shall be documented. Juvenile case plans shall target moderate and high-risk criminogenic factors and include objectives that are measurable. The case plan shall include the signatures of the assigned probation officer and probation officer’s supervisor;

i. Which require AZYAS certified staff to update the AZYAS disposition tool upon each significant event and once every six months from the previous assessment date, at a minimum. The AZYAS disposition tool shall be used for each subsequent adjudicated delinquent offense. Upon each re-administration, the probation officer shall update the juvenile case plan to reflect the juvenile’s progress, modification to existing objectives, and any new identified risks and needs;

j. That require a probation officer to utilize graduated responses to promote positive behavioral change through incentives, consequences, and supervision to address violations;

k. That ensure a probation officer shall reassess the AZYAS disposition tool or re- examine the juvenile’s progress with the established case plan and behavioral goals to determine if reducing, maintaining or increasing the juvenile’s level of supervision is appropriate;

l. That encourage the juvenile’s engagement with one or more of the following: school, treatment program, employment, community restitution work program, or any activity that improves the juvenile’s prosocial skill development, including enhancing the juvenile’s relationship with the juvenile’s family;

m. That require a documented process for supervisor approval for supervision level modifications requested by a probation officer;

n. That require supervisory quality assurance reviews on standard probation case files to include juvenile case plans; and

o. For victim notification pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-396(A)-(C).

2. The probation officer shall:

a. Develop and implement supervision strategies that match the AZYAS disposition tool results and address criminogenic needs, in addition to the juvenile’s risk to recidivate, and strengths that promote juvenile case plan goals and provide effective supervision that is individualized, proportional and purposeful;

b. Provide the juvenile and their parent with feedback on the results of any assessment;

c. Administer alcohol and drug testing according to departmental policy and procedures;

d. Provide a documented directive to the juvenile when referring the juvenile to an appropriate service provider within 30 days of disposition to implement any treatment related condition of supervised probation, or when a need for treatment or counseling is identified. If more than one area of treatment or counseling is identified, the probation officer shall prioritize and address the needs with the highest priority within the prescribed time frame. The probation officer will then address the remaining treatment or counseling areas in descending order;

e. Monitor court-ordered financial obligations;

f. Engage the juvenile in the development of their case plan. Juvenile case plans shall include specific goal-directed objectives to be accomplished by the juvenile during the term of supervision and the strategies that the officer will use to monitor compliance and promote the accomplishments of those objectives. Contacts shall be integral to implementing the overall supervision strategies and have a purpose that is directly related to case objectives and the juvenile’s risk level;

g. Engage the parent in the juvenile’s school, treatment, and development of the juvenile case plan;

h. Target interventions for moderate and high risk cases to promote public safety;

i. Update the juvenile case plan on an on-going basis to identify progress, or lack of, toward the goal-directed objectives and conditions of probation;

j. Provide graduated responses in a timely, realistic, and individualized manner;

k. Make documented efforts to locate a juvenile whose whereabouts are unknown. Efforts to locate the juvenile shall continue pursuant to the court’s departmental policy;

l. Review the court ordered conditions of probation as part of the ongoing assessment and planning process and, if applicable, petition the court for modifications;

m. Modify supervision levels dependent on compliance by the juvenile with the conditions of probation and goal-directed objectives as outlined in the juvenile’s case plan; and

n. Petition the court to terminate probation when it has been determined that supervision is no longer necessary based on juvenile’s case plan progress and conditions of probation.

I. Minimum Supervision Requirements. Each probation department shall develop policies and procedures that ensure minimum levels of supervision for juveniles placed on standard probation. These policies and procedures shall include:

1. Visual contacts shall be varied, scheduled, and unscheduled. Visual contacts shall include establishing rapport with a juvenile and their family. Visual contacts will be intentional to support the successful implementation of juvenile case plan goals and monitor compliance with the uniform conditions of probation;

2. Visual contacts and supervision strategies shall be proportionate to the level of risk and needs of the juvenile based on results of the AZYAS disposition tool, Recommendation Matrix, and other significant case information. Levels of supervision may be progressively increased or decreased over the term of supervision dependent on compliance by the juvenile with the conditions of probation and case plan progress;

a. The low risk supervision level shall include:

(1) Visual contact with the juvenile within 30 days of disposition and one visual contact every month thereafter;

(2) Parental contact within 30 days of disposition and every month thereafter; and

(3) Collateral contact every other month as determined by departmental policy, conditions of probation, and juvenile case plan.

b. The moderate risk supervision level shall include:

(1) Visual contact with the juvenile within 30 days of disposition and two visual contacts every month thereafter;

(2) Parental contact within 30 days of disposition and every month thereafter; and

(3) Collateral contact every month as determined by departmental policy, conditions of probation, and juvenile case plan.

c. The high risk supervision level shall include:

(1) Visual contact with the juvenile within 15 days of disposition and three visual contacts every month thereafter;

(2) Parental contact within 15 days of disposition and every month thereafter; and

(3) Collateral contact every month as determined by departmental policy, conditions of probation, and juvenile case plan.

d. Detention supervision level shall include:

(1) Visual contact with the detained juvenile once every week;

(2) Parental contact every month to engage the parent in the juvenile’s release plan; and

(3) Collateral contact every month as determined by departmental policy, conditions of probation, and juvenile case plan.

e. Out-of-home care, out-of-state placement supervision level, or juveniles in adult jail prior to conviction shall include:

(1) Visual contact with the juvenile every month. Contacts may be telephonic for juveniles in out-of-state placement or adult jail prior to conviction;

(2) Parental contact every month;

(3) Contact with the provider every month for juveniles in out-of-home care or out- of-state placement;

(4) Upon discharge, the juvenile shall be placed on the appropriate standard probation supervision level based on the results of the AZYAS disposition tool, the juvenile’s treatment discharge plan, and any other relevant factors.

J. Specialized Populations.

1. Any juvenile court establishing or maintaining specialized caseloads shall have a written description of the specialized caseload, including objectives and goals.

2. Any juvenile court establishing or maintaining specialized caseloads shall have research- based written screening and assessment criteria for placement on the caseload, as well as standardized criteria for exiting or graduating from the caseload.

3. Any juvenile court establishing or maintaining specialized caseloads shall have research- based written policies and procedures for minimum supervision requirements specific to the needs and goals of the identified caseload and shall include minimum monthly contact standards.

4. Probation officers assigned to supervise specialized caseloads shall participate in continuing education and training on the specific needs of the specialized population.

K. Required Case Records. Each standard probation officer shall maintain verifiable case records for each juvenile supervised, including, but not limited to:

1. A written statement of the conditions of the probation;

2. An individualized juvenile case plan setting forth behavioral and program expectations and recommendations subject to the approval of the director; and

3. Automated case notes detailing the time, nature, and location of each contact made with each juvenile on standard probation. 6-301 was adopted by Administrative Order 2000-75, effective November 9, 2000. Amended by A.O. 2006-21, effective February 13, 2006. Amended by A.O. 2006-100, effective November 8,

2006. Amended by A.O. 2007-86, effective January 1, 2008. 6-301.01 was adopted by Administrative Order 2013-91, effective November 6, 2013. Amended by A.O.s 2020-206 and 2021-06, effective April 1, 2021 (regarding risk-based supervision) and July 1, 2021 (regarding the Recommendation Matrix). 6-301.01 was amended and then renamed as the new 6-301 by A.O. 2023-08, effective January 11, 2023. Amended by A.O. 2023-158, effective October 30, 2023.