10th Cir. R. 32.1: Citing judicial dispositions

(A) Precedential value. While citation to published authority is preferred, citation of unpublished decisions is permitted as authorized in Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1. Unpublished decisions are not precedential but may be cited for their persuasive value. They may also be cited under the doctrines of law of the case, claim preclusion, and issue preclusion. Citation to unpublished opinions for which a Federal Appendix cite is unavailable must include an “unpublished” parenthetical. E.g., United States v. Wilson, No. 13-2047, 2015 WL 3072766 (10th Cir. Oct. 31, 2016) (unpublished).

(B) Reference. If an unpublished decision cited in a brief or other pleading is not available in a publicly accessible electronic database, a copy must be attached to the document when it is filed and must be provided to all other counsel and pro se parties. Where possible, references to unpublished dispositions should include the appropriate electronic citation.

(C) Retroactive effect. Parties may cite unpublished decisions issued prior to January 1, 2007, in the same manner and under the same circumstances as are allowed by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1(a)(i) and part (A) of this local rule.