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Rule 83.13 PROHIBITION ON COUNSEL AS WITNESS

(a) Refusing Employment When Counsel May Be Called as a Witness A lawyer shall not accept employment in contemplated or pending litigation if he or she knows or it is obvious that he or she or a lawyer in the same firm ought to be called as a witness, except that he or she may undertake the employment and he or she or a lawyer in his or her firm may testify:

1. If the testimony will relate solely to an uncontested matter.

2. If the testimony will relate solely to a matter of formality and there is no reason to believe that substantial evidence will be offered in opposition to the testimony.

3. If the testimony will relate solely to the nature and value of the legal services rendered in the case by the lawyer or the law firm to the client.

(b) Withdrawal as Counsel When the Lawyer Becomes a Witness If, after undertaking employment in contemplated or pending litigation, a lawyer learns or it is obvious that he or she or a lawyer in the same firm ought to be called as a witness on behalf of the client, he or she shall withdraw from the conduct of the trial and the law firm shall not continue representation in the trial, except that the lawyer may continue the representation, and he or she or a lawyer in the law firm may testify in the circumstances enumerated in Rule 83.13(a).

If, after undertaking employment in contemplated or pending litigation, a lawyer learns or it is obvious that he or she or a lawyer in the same firm may be called as a witness other than on behalf of his or her client, the lawyer may continue the representation until it is apparent that his or her testimony is or may be prejudicial to the client.

(c) Discretion of Court To Provide Relief From This Rule When Lawyer In Same Firm Is Likely To Be A Witness The court may in the exercise of its sound discretion permit a lawyer to act as an advocate in a trial in which another lawyer in the lawyer's firm is likely to be called as a witness if disqualification of the lawyer would work substantial hardship on the client and permitting the lawyer to act as an advocate would not cause prejudice to opposing parties.