Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure covers summary judgment, and it applies the same way in bankruptcy court adversary proceedings. An adversary proceeding is basically a lawsuit filed within a bankruptcy case, such as a dispute over whether a debt can be wiped out.
If you want to ask the court to decide the case without a full hearing, you need to file your motion for summary judgment at least 30 days before the first scheduled evidentiary hearing on that issue. An evidentiary hearing is where both sides present evidence and witnesses. Filing on time gives the other side a fair chance to respond before the hearing date.
The 30-day deadline can change if your local court has its own rule with a different timeline, or if the judge orders something different in your specific case. Always check your local court's rules to make sure you meet the right deadline.