903 Subscribing witness' testimony unnecessary

If a document has a witness who signed it to confirm it's real (called a "subscribing witness"), you don't automatically need that witness to come to court and testify to prove the document is genuine. You can use other ways to prove the document is authentic instead.

The only exception is if the specific law that applies to that document requires a witness's testimony. Some documents, depending on what type they are and where they were created, might have special rules that still demand the witness show up and testify. But for most everyday documents, you have flexibility in how you prove they're real, and you're not stuck relying only on the person who witnessed the signing.