Art. 1037 Action instituted separately

If you have a legal claim against someone already involved in a lawsuit, or against an outside person connected to that lawsuit, you don't have to bring it up as part of that existing case. You can choose to file it later as its own separate lawsuit instead.

Normally, waiting to file this claim separately won't cause you to lose your right to pursue it. You keep that right open. However, there are two exceptions to this rule, found in Articles 1113 and 1061, where you might be required to raise the claim within the original case or risk losing it.

The main point is that you usually get to decide how to handle related claims. You're not forced to combine everything into one lawsuit unless one of those specific exceptions applies to your situation.