Art. 191 Inherent judicial power

Judges have certain powers automatically, just because they are judges handling a case. These powers don't need to be spelled out in a specific law to exist. If a court needs to do something to properly handle a case and make decisions, it has the authority to do that, even if no law specifically mentions it.

This rule exists because it's impossible for lawmakers to write down every single power a judge might need in every possible situation. Instead, the law recognizes that judges need some built-in flexibility to run their courtrooms and cases effectively. This might include things like controlling how a trial proceeds, managing evidence, or making sure court orders are followed.

For someone involved in a lawsuit, this means a judge isn't limited only to powers that are written out word for word in the law. If a judge needs to take an action to keep the case moving fairly and properly, that authority likely already exists as part of the judge's basic role, even without a specific rule saying so.