Art. 306 Effect of presumptions if there is controverting evidence

When a legal presumption applies, it works like this: if the judge or jury finds that the basic fact is true, they must also accept the second fact that the law says follows from it. This second fact is called the "inferred fact."

But if the other side brings in evidence that challenges this inferred fact, the judge or jury does not have to accept it automatically anymore. Instead, they have to weigh the challenging evidence. If that evidence convinces them the inferred fact is not true, they can reject it.

In simple terms, this rule means a presumption gives one side a head start, but it is not the final word. The other side gets a real chance to fight back with their own evidence. If that evidence is convincing enough, the presumption can be overcome and the judge or jury can decide the inferred fact does not exist after all.