Rule 614 Calling and Interrogation of Witnesses by Court

A judge doesn't have to sit back and let only the lawyers question witnesses. This rule says a judge can call their own witness to testify, even if neither side asked for that person to be called. If the judge does this, both sides still get the chance to cross-examine that witness, just like they would with any other witness.

The judge can also jump in and ask questions of any witness, no matter who originally called them to the stand. This might happen if the judge thinks something needs to be clarified or if important information got missed.

If a lawyer disagrees with the judge calling or questioning a witness, they can object. They don't have to interrupt right away in front of the jury. They can wait and raise the objection later, when the jury isn't in the room. This protects the lawyer's right to challenge the judge's actions without looking like they're arguing with the judge in front of the jury.