Rule 4.1 Truthfulness in Statements to Others

Lawyers have to be honest with people outside their own client when working on a case. They can't lie about important facts or laws to other people involved, like witnesses, opposing parties, or their lawyers.

There's also a duty to speak up in certain situations. If staying quiet would help a client commit fraud or break the law, the lawyer may need to say something to prevent that from happening. However, this duty has a limit: if sharing that information would violate the lawyer's separate duty to keep client information confidential (under Rule 1.6), the lawyer doesn't have to disclose it.

In short, this rule keeps lawyers from being dishonest with others while representing their clients, and it stops lawyers from helping clients cheat or break the law through silence. But it also protects client confidentiality when the two duties conflict.