Rule Text
Attorneys for each party or group of parties may make an opening address to the jury and may also make an address to the jury after the close of the testimony.
Amendment history: The provisions of this Rule 225 adopted September 8, 1938, effective March 20, 1939; amended April 29, 2016, effective immediately, 46 Pa.B. 2409. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (380176).
Plain-English Summary (for reference only — not a substitute for the rule text above)
This summary is not the rule. The rule text controls.
Each side's lawyer gets two chances to speak directly to the jury. The first chance is at the start of the trial, before any evidence is presented. The second chance comes after all the witnesses have finished testifying.
These speeches help each side explain their case. The opening address lets lawyers tell the jury what they expect the evidence to show. The closing address gives lawyers a chance to review what happened during the trial and explain why their side should win.