Art. 40.01 DEFINITION OF "NEW TRIAL"

A new trial means the judge sets aside the guilty verdict, the sentence, or both, and lets the case be tried again like it never happened the first time. It's a way to fix serious problems that happened during the original trial.

That said, this specific rule no longer applies. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals got rid of it back in 1986 when the state adopted a new set of appellate rules. So while the idea of a "new trial" still exists in Texas law, this particular rule defining it isn't in effect anymore.