Rule 2:302 Applicability of Federal Law in Civil Actions and Proceedings

When a civil case is decided using federal law, the rules about presumptions also come from federal law.

A presumption is when the court automatically assumes something is true unless someone proves otherwise. For example, a court might presume that a letter was received if it was properly mailed. Whether that kind of assumption applies in your case depends on which set of laws governs the case overall.

If your civil case is being decided under federal law, you need to look to federal rules to understand how these assumptions work, not Virginia's rules.