Rule 26 Evidence

Witnesses in a criminal trial must testify out loud in the courtroom, in front of everyone. This means people can't just submit written statements instead of showing up to speak. The judge, jury, and both sides get to hear directly from the witness and watch them answer questions in person.

There are some exceptions to this rule when the law allows for a different approach. For example, certain situations might permit testimony through other means, like video, if specific legal rules say it's okay. But the standard practice is that witnesses show up and speak for themselves in the courtroom.