Local Rule L.R. 43-1: Non-Jury Trial - Narrative Statements
C.D. Cal. — Civil rule
L.R. 43-1 Non-Jury Trial - Narrative Statements. In any matter tried to the Court, the judge may order that the direct testimony of a witness be presented by written narrative statement subject to the witness' cross-examination at the trial. Such written, direct testimony shall be adopted by the witness orally in open court, unless such requirement is waived.